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zba/src/core/bus/GamePak.zig

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const std = @import("std");
const DateTime = @import("datetime").datetime.Datetime;
const Arm7tdmi = @import("../cpu.zig").Arm7tdmi;
const Bit = @import("bitfield").Bit;
const Bitfield = @import("bitfield").Bitfield;
const Backup = @import("backup.zig").Backup;
const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
const log = std.log.scoped(.GamePak);
const Self = @This();
title: [12]u8,
buf: []u8,
allocator: Allocator,
backup: Backup,
gpio: *Gpio,
pub fn init(allocator: Allocator, cpu: *Arm7tdmi, rom_path: []const u8, save_path: ?[]const u8) !Self {
const file = try std.fs.cwd().openFile(rom_path, .{});
defer file.close();
const file_buf = try file.readToEndAlloc(allocator, try file.getEndPos());
const title = file_buf[0xA0..0xAC].*;
const kind = Backup.guessKind(file_buf) orelse .None;
logHeader(file_buf, &title);
return .{
.buf = file_buf,
.allocator = allocator,
.title = title,
.backup = try Backup.init(allocator, kind, title, save_path),
.gpio = try Gpio.init(allocator, cpu, .Rtc),
};
}
fn logHeader(buf: []const u8, title: *const [12]u8) void {
const code = buf[0xAC..0xB0];
const maker = buf[0xB0..0xB2];
const version = buf[0xBC];
log.info("Title: {s}", .{title});
if (version != 0) log.info("Version: {}", .{version});
log.info("Game Code: {s}", .{code});
if (lookupMaker(maker)) |c| log.info("Maker: {s}", .{c}) else log.info("Maker Code: {s}", .{maker});
}
fn lookupMaker(slice: *const [2]u8) ?[]const u8 {
const id = @as(u16, slice[1]) << 8 | @as(u16, slice[0]);
return switch (id) {
0x3130 => "Nintendo",
else => null,
};
}
inline fn isLarge(self: *const Self) bool {
return self.buf.len > 0x100_0000;
}
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
self.backup.deinit();
self.gpio.deinit(self.allocator);
self.allocator.destroy(self.gpio);
self.allocator.free(self.buf);
self.* = undefined;
}
pub fn read(self: *Self, comptime T: type, address: u32) T {
const addr = address & 0x1FF_FFFF;
if (self.backup.kind == .Eeprom) {
if (self.isLarge()) {
// Addresses 0x1FF_FF00 to 0x1FF_FFFF are reserved from EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Large ROM (Size is greater than 16MB)
if (addr > 0x1FF_FEFF)
return self.backup.eeprom.read();
} else {
// Addresses 0x0D00_0000 to 0x0DFF_FFFF are reserved for EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Small ROM (less than 16MB)
if (@truncate(u8, address >> 24) == 0x0D)
return self.backup.eeprom.read();
}
}
if (self.gpio.cnt == 1) {
// GPIO Can be read from
// We assume that this will only be true when a ROM actually does want something from GPIO
switch (T) {
u32 => switch (address) {
// TODO: Do I even need to implement these?
0x0800_00C4 => std.debug.panic("Handle 32-bit GPIO Data/Direction Reads", .{}),
0x0800_00C6 => std.debug.panic("Handle 32-bit GPIO Direction/Control Reads", .{}),
0x0800_00C8 => std.debug.panic("Handle 32-bit GPIO Control Reads", .{}),
else => {},
},
u16 => switch (address) {
// FIXME: What do 16-bit GPIO Reads look like?
0x0800_00C4 => return self.gpio.read(.Data),
0x0800_00C6 => return self.gpio.read(.Direction),
0x0800_00C8 => return self.gpio.read(.Control),
else => {},
},
u8 => switch (address) {
0x0800_00C4 => return self.gpio.read(.Data),
0x0800_00C6 => return self.gpio.read(.Direction),
0x0800_00C8 => return self.gpio.read(.Control),
else => {},
},
else => @compileError("GamePak[GPIO]: Unsupported read width"),
}
}
return switch (T) {
u32 => (@as(T, self.get(addr + 3)) << 24) | (@as(T, self.get(addr + 2)) << 16) | (@as(T, self.get(addr + 1)) << 8) | (@as(T, self.get(addr))),
u16 => (@as(T, self.get(addr + 1)) << 8) | @as(T, self.get(addr)),
u8 => self.get(addr),
else => @compileError("GamePak: Unsupported read width"),
};
}
pub fn dbgRead(self: *const Self, comptime T: type, address: u32) T {
const addr = address & 0x1FF_FFFF;
if (self.backup.kind == .Eeprom) {
if (self.isLarge()) {
// Addresses 0x1FF_FF00 to 0x1FF_FFFF are reserved from EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Large ROM (Size is greater than 16MB)
if (addr > 0x1FF_FEFF)
return self.backup.eeprom.dbgRead();
} else {
// Addresses 0x0D00_0000 to 0x0DFF_FFFF are reserved for EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Small ROM (less than 16MB)
if (@truncate(u8, address >> 24) == 0x0D)
return self.backup.eeprom.dbgRead();
}
}
return switch (T) {
u32 => (@as(T, self.get(addr + 3)) << 24) | (@as(T, self.get(addr + 2)) << 16) | (@as(T, self.get(addr + 1)) << 8) | (@as(T, self.get(addr))),
u16 => (@as(T, self.get(addr + 1)) << 8) | @as(T, self.get(addr)),
u8 => self.get(addr),
else => @compileError("GamePak: Unsupported read width"),
};
}
pub fn write(self: *Self, comptime T: type, word_count: u16, address: u32, value: T) void {
const addr = address & 0x1FF_FFFF;
if (self.backup.kind == .Eeprom) {
const bit = @truncate(u1, value);
if (self.isLarge()) {
// Addresses 0x1FF_FF00 to 0x1FF_FFFF are reserved from EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Large ROM (Size is greater than 16MB)
if (addr > 0x1FF_FEFF)
return self.backup.eeprom.write(word_count, &self.backup.buf, bit);
} else {
// Addresses 0x0D00_0000 to 0x0DFF_FFFF are reserved for EEPROM accesses if
// * Backup type is EEPROM
// * Small ROM (less than 16MB)
if (@truncate(u8, address >> 24) == 0x0D)
return self.backup.eeprom.write(word_count, &self.backup.buf, bit);
}
}
switch (T) {
u32 => switch (address) {
0x0800_00C4 => {
self.gpio.write(.Data, @truncate(u4, value));
self.gpio.write(.Direction, @truncate(u4, value >> 16));
},
0x0800_00C6 => {
self.gpio.write(.Direction, @truncate(u4, value));
self.gpio.write(.Control, @truncate(u1, value >> 16));
},
else => log.err("Wrote {} 0x{X:0>8} to 0x{X:0>8}, Unhandled", .{ T, value, address }),
},
u16 => switch (address) {
0x0800_00C4 => self.gpio.write(.Data, @truncate(u4, value)),
0x0800_00C6 => self.gpio.write(.Direction, @truncate(u4, value)),
0x0800_00C8 => self.gpio.write(.Control, @truncate(u1, value)),
else => log.err("Wrote {} 0x{X:0>4} to 0x{X:0>8}, Unhandled", .{ T, value, address }),
},
u8 => log.debug("Wrote {} 0x{X:0>2} to 0x{X:0>8}, Ignored.", .{ T, value, address }),
else => @compileError("GamePak: Unsupported write width"),
}
}
fn get(self: *const Self, i: u32) u8 {
@setRuntimeSafety(false);
if (i < self.buf.len) return self.buf[i];
const lhs = i >> 1 & 0xFFFF;
return @truncate(u8, lhs >> 8 * @truncate(u5, i & 1));
}
test "OOB Access" {
const title = .{ 'H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', ' ', 'W', 'O', 'R', 'L', 'D', '!' };
const alloc = std.testing.allocator;
const pak = Self{
.buf = &.{},
.alloc = alloc,
.title = title,
.backup = try Backup.init(alloc, .None, title, null),
};
std.debug.assert(pak.get(0) == 0x00); // 0x0000
std.debug.assert(pak.get(1) == 0x00);
std.debug.assert(pak.get(2) == 0x01); // 0x0001
std.debug.assert(pak.get(3) == 0x00);
std.debug.assert(pak.get(4) == 0x02); // 0x0002
std.debug.assert(pak.get(5) == 0x00);
}
/// GPIO Register Implementation
const Gpio = struct {
const This = @This();
data: u4,
direction: u4,
cnt: u1,
device: Device,
const Device = struct {
ptr: ?*anyopaque,
kind: Kind, // TODO: Make comptime known?
const Kind = enum { Rtc, None };
fn step(self: *Device, value: u4) u4 {
return switch (self.kind) {
.Rtc => blk: {
const clock = @ptrCast(*Clock, @alignCast(@alignOf(*Clock), self.ptr.?));
break :blk clock.step(Clock.Data{ .raw = value });
},
.None => value,
};
}
fn init(kind: Kind, ptr: ?*anyopaque) Device {
return .{ .kind = kind, .ptr = ptr };
}
};
const Register = enum {
Data,
Direction,
Control,
};
fn init(allocator: Allocator, cpu: *Arm7tdmi, kind: Device.Kind) !*This {
const self = try allocator.create(This);
self.* = .{
.data = 0b0000,
.direction = 0b1111, // TODO: What is GPIO DIrection set to by default?
.cnt = 0b0,
.device = switch (kind) {
.Rtc => blk: {
const clock = try allocator.create(Clock);
clock.init(cpu, self);
break :blk Device{ .kind = kind, .ptr = clock };
},
.None => Device{ .kind = kind, .ptr = null },
},
};
return self;
}
fn deinit(self: *This, allocator: Allocator) void {
switch (self.device.kind) {
.Rtc => {
allocator.destroy(@ptrCast(*Clock, @alignCast(@alignOf(*Clock), self.device.ptr.?)));
},
.None => {},
}
self.* = undefined;
}
fn write(self: *This, comptime reg: Register, value: if (reg == .Control) u1 else u4) void {
switch (reg) {
.Data => {
const masked_value = value & self.direction;
// The value which is actually stored in the GPIO register
// might be modified by the device implementing the GPIO interface e.g. RTC reads
self.data = self.device.step(masked_value);
},
.Direction => self.direction = value,
.Control => self.cnt = value,
}
}
fn read(self: *const This, comptime reg: Register) if (reg == .Control) u1 else u4 {
if (self.cnt == 0) return 0;
return switch (reg) {
.Data => self.data & ~self.direction,
.Direction => self.direction,
.Control => self.cnt,
};
}
};
/// GBA Real Time Clock
const Clock = struct {
const This = @This();
writer: Writer,
reader: Reader,
state: State,
cnt: Control,
year: u8,
month: u5,
day: u6,
weekday: u3,
hour: u6,
minute: u7,
second: u7,
cpu: *Arm7tdmi,
gpio: *const Gpio,
const Register = enum {
Control,
DateTime,
Time,
};
const State = union(enum) {
Idle,
Command,
Write: Register,
Read: Register,
};
const Reader = struct {
i: u4,
count: u8,
/// Reads a bit from RTC registers. Which bit it reads is dependent on
///
/// 1. The RTC State Machine, whitch tells us which register we're accessing
/// 2. A `count`, which keeps track of which byte is currently being read
/// 3. An index, which keeps track of which bit of the byte determined by `count` is being read
fn read(self: *Reader, clock: *const Clock, register: Register) u1 {
const idx = @intCast(u3, self.i);
defer self.i += 1;
// FIXME: What do I do about the unused bits?
return switch (register) {
.Control => @truncate(u1, switch (self.count) {
0 => clock.cnt.raw >> idx,
else => std.debug.panic("Tried to read from byte #{} of {} (hint: there's only 1 byte)", .{ self.count, register }),
}),
.DateTime => @truncate(u1, switch (self.count) {
// Date
0 => clock.year >> idx,
1 => @as(u8, clock.month) >> idx,
2 => @as(u8, clock.day) >> idx,
3 => @as(u8, clock.weekday) >> idx,
// Time
4 => @as(u8, clock.hour) >> idx,
5 => @as(u8, clock.minute) >> idx,
6 => @as(u8, clock.second) >> idx,
else => std.debug.panic("Tried to read from byte #{} of {} (hint: there's only 7 bytes)", .{ self.count, register }),
}),
.Time => @truncate(u1, switch (self.count) {
0 => @as(u8, clock.hour) >> idx,
1 => @as(u8, clock.minute) >> idx,
2 => @as(u8, clock.second) >> idx,
else => std.debug.panic("Tried to read from byte #{} of {} (hint: there's only 3 bytes)", .{ self.count, register }),
}),
};
}
/// Is true when a Reader has read a u8's worth of bits
fn finished(self: *const Reader) bool {
return self.i >= 8;
}
/// Resets the index used to shift bits out of RTC registers
/// and `count`, which is used to keep track of which byte we're reading
/// is incremeneted
fn lap(self: *Reader) void {
self.i = 0;
self.count += 1;
}
/// Resets the state of a `Reader` in preparation for a future
/// read command
fn reset(self: *Reader) void {
self.i = 0;
self.count = 0;
}
};
const Writer = struct {
buf: u8,
i: u4,
/// The Number of bytes written since last reset
count: u8,
/// Append a bit to the internal bit buffer (aka an integer)
fn push(self: *Writer, value: u1) void {
const idx = @intCast(u3, self.i);
self.buf = (self.buf & ~(@as(u8, 1) << idx)) | @as(u8, value) << idx;
self.i += 1;
}
/// Takes the contents of the internal buffer and writes it to an RTC register
/// Where it writes to is dependent on:
///
/// 1. The RTC State Machine, whitch tells us which register we're accessing
/// 2. A `count`, which keeps track of which byte is currently being read
fn write(self: *const Writer, clock: *Clock, register: Register) void {
// FIXME: What do do about unused bits?
switch (register) {
.Control => switch (self.count) {
0 => clock.cnt.raw = (clock.cnt.raw & 0x80) | (self.buf & 0x7F), // Bit 7 read-only
else => std.debug.panic("Tried to write to byte #{} of {} (hint: there's only 1 byte)", .{ self.count, register }),
},
.DateTime, .Time => log.debug("RTC: Ignoring {} write", .{register}),
}
}
/// Is true when 8 bits have been shifted into the internal buffer
fn finished(self: *const Writer) bool {
return self.i >= 8;
}
/// Resets the internal buffer
/// resets the index used to shift bits into the internal buffer
/// increments `count` (which keeps track of byte offsets) by one
fn lap(self: *Writer) void {
self.buf = 0;
self.i = 0;
self.count += 1;
}
/// Resets `Writer` to a clean state in preparation for a future write command
fn reset(self: *Writer) void {
self.buf = 0;
self.i = 0;
self.count = 0;
}
};
const Data = extern union {
sck: Bit(u8, 0),
sio: Bit(u8, 1),
cs: Bit(u8, 2),
raw: u8,
};
const Control = extern union {
/// Unknown, value should be preserved though
unk: Bit(u8, 1),
/// Per-minute IRQ
/// If set, fire a Gamepak IRQ every 30s,
irq: Bit(u8, 3),
/// 12/24 Hour Bit
/// If set, 12h mode
/// If cleared, 24h mode
mode: Bit(u8, 6),
/// Read-Only, bit cleared on read
/// If is set, means that there has been a failure / time has been lost
off: Bit(u8, 7),
raw: u8,
};
fn init(ptr: *This, cpu: *Arm7tdmi, gpio: *const Gpio) void {
ptr.* = .{
.writer = .{ .buf = 0, .i = 0, .count = 0 },
.reader = .{ .i = 0, .count = 0 },
.state = .Idle,
.cnt = .{ .raw = 0 },
.year = 0x01,
.month = 0x6,
.day = 0x13,
.weekday = 0x3,
.hour = 0x23,
.minute = 0x59,
.second = 0x59,
.cpu = cpu,
.gpio = gpio, // Can't use Arm7tdmi ptr b/c not initialized yet
};
}
fn updateRealTime(self: *This) void {
const now = DateTime.now();
self.year = toBcd(u8, @intCast(u8, now.date.year - 2000));
self.month = toBcd(u5, now.date.month);
self.day = toBcd(u3, now.date.day);
self.weekday = toBcd(u3, (now.date.weekday() + 1) % 7); // API is Monday = 0, Sunday = 6. We want Sunday = 0, Saturday = 6
self.hour = toBcd(u6, now.time.hour);
self.minute = toBcd(u7, now.time.minute);
self.second = toBcd(u7, now.time.second);
}
fn step(self: *This, value: Data) u4 {
const cache: Data = .{ .raw = self.gpio.data };
return switch (self.state) {
.Idle => blk: {
// FIXME: Maybe check incoming value to see if SCK is also high?
if (cache.sck.read()) {
if (!cache.cs.read() and value.cs.read()) {
log.debug("RTC: Entering Command Mode", .{});
self.state = .Command;
}
}
break :blk @truncate(u4, value.raw);
},
.Command => blk: {
if (!value.cs.read()) log.err("RTC: Expected CS to be set during {}, however CS was cleared", .{self.state});
// If SCK rises, sample SIO
if (!cache.sck.read() and value.sck.read()) {
self.writer.push(@boolToInt(value.sio.read()));
if (self.writer.finished()) {
self.state = self.processCommand(self.writer.buf);
self.writer.reset();
log.debug("RTC: Switching to {}", .{self.state});
}
}
break :blk @truncate(u4, value.raw);
},
.Write => |register| blk: {
if (!value.cs.read()) log.err("RTC: Expected CS to be set during {}, however CS was cleared", .{self.state});
// If SCK rises, sample SIO
if (!cache.sck.read() and value.sck.read()) {
self.writer.push(@boolToInt(value.sio.read()));
const register_width: u32 = switch (register) {
.Control => 1,
.DateTime => 7,
.Time => 3,
};
if (self.writer.finished()) {
self.writer.write(self, register); // write inner buffer to RTC register
self.writer.lap();
if (self.writer.count == register_width) {
self.writer.reset();
self.state = .Idle;
}
}
}
break :blk @truncate(u4, value.raw);
},
.Read => |register| blk: {
if (!value.cs.read()) log.err("RTC: Expected CS to be set during {}, however CS was cleared", .{self.state});
var ret = value;
// if SCK rises, sample SIO
if (!cache.sck.read() and value.sck.read()) {
ret.sio.write(self.reader.read(self, register) == 0b1);
const register_width: u32 = switch (register) {
.Control => 1,
.DateTime => 7,
.Time => 3,
};
if (self.reader.finished()) {
self.reader.lap();
if (self.reader.count == register_width) {
self.reader.reset();
self.state = .Idle;
}
}
}
break :blk @truncate(u4, ret.raw);
},
};
}
fn reset(self: *This) void {
// mGBA and NBA only zero the control register. We will do the same
log.debug("RTC: Reset (control register was zeroed)", .{});
self.cnt.raw = 0;
}
fn irq(self: *This) void {
// TODO: Confirm that this is the right behaviour
log.debug("RTC: Force GamePak IRQ", .{});
self.cpu.bus.io.irq.game_pak.set();
self.cpu.handleInterrupt();
}
fn processCommand(self: *This, raw_command: u8) State {
const command = blk: {
// If High Nybble is 0x6, no need to switch the endianness
if (raw_command >> 4 & 0xF == 0x6) break :blk raw_command;
// Turns out reversing the order of bits isn't trivial at all
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2602823/in-c-c-whats-the-simplest-way-to-reverse-the-order-of-bits-in-a-byte
var ret = raw_command;
ret = (ret & 0xF0) >> 4 | (ret & 0x0F) << 4;
ret = (ret & 0xCC) >> 2 | (ret & 0x33) << 2;
ret = (ret & 0xAA) >> 1 | (ret & 0x55) << 1;
break :blk ret;
};
log.debug("RTC: Handling Command 0x{X:0>2} [0b{b:0>8}]", .{ command, command });
const is_write = command & 1 == 0;
const rtc_register = @truncate(u3, command >> 1 & 0x7);
if (is_write) {
return switch (rtc_register) {
0 => blk: {
self.reset();
break :blk .Idle;
},
1 => .{ .Write = .Control },
2 => .{ .Write = .DateTime },
3 => .{ .Write = .Time },
6 => blk: {
self.irq();
break :blk .Idle;
},
4, 5, 7 => .Idle,
};
} else {
return switch (rtc_register) {
1 => .{ .Read = .Control },
2 => .{ .Read = .DateTime },
3 => .{ .Read = .Time },
0, 4, 5, 6, 7 => .Idle, // Do Nothing
};
}
}
};
fn toBcd(comptime T: type, value: u8) T {
var input = value;
var ret: u8 = 0;
var shift: u3 = 0;
while (input > 0) {
ret |= (input % 10) << (shift << 2);
shift += 1;
input /= 10;
}
return @truncate(T, ret);
}
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