scratch/2021-03-16/zig8/src/emu.zig

const std = @import("std");
const expect = @import("std").testing.expect;
const panic = @import("std").debug.panic;
const Dir = @import("std").fs.Dir;
const Instruction = @import("instructions.zig").Instruction;
const InstrType = @import("instructions.zig").Type;
const draw_sprite = @import("display.zig").draw_sprite;
const Display = @import("display.zig").Display;
const Point = @import("display.zig").Point;

pub const Cpu = struct {
    i: u16,
    pc: u16,
    sp: u16,
    v: [16]u8,
    stack: [16]u16,
    memory: [0x1000]u8,
    disp: Display,
};


pub fn fetch(cpu: *Cpu) u16 {
    const high: u16 = cpu.memory[cpu.pc];
    const low: u16 = cpu.memory[cpu.pc + 1];
    
    cpu.pc += 2;

    return high << 8 | low;
}

pub fn decode(cpu: *Cpu, word: u16) ?Instruction {
    const nib1: u4 = @intCast(u4, (word & 0xF000) >> 12);
    const nib2: u4 = @intCast(u4, (word & 0x0F00) >> 8);
    const nib3: u4 = @intCast(u4, (word & 0x00F0) >> 4);
    const nib4: u4 = @intCast(u4, (word & 0x000F) >> 0);

    if (nib1 == 0x0) {
        // nib2 is 0x0, nib3 is 0xE

        if (nib4 == 0) {
            // 0x00E0 | CLS
            return Instruction.CLS; 
        }

        if (nib4 == 0xE) {
            // 0x00EE | RET
            return Instruction.RET;
        }
    } else if (nib1 == 0x1) {
        // 0x1nnn | JP addr

        const addr = calc_u12(nib2, nib3, nib4);
        return Instruction { .JP = addr };
    } else if (nib1 == 0x2) {
        // 0x2nnn | CALL addr

        const addr = calc_u12(nib2, nib3, nib4);
        return Instruction { .CALL = addr };
    } else if (nib1 == 0x3) {
        // 0x3xkk | SE Vx, u8

        return Instruction { .SE_3 = .{ .x = nib2, .kk = calc_u8(nib3, nib4) }};
    } else if (nib1 == 0x6) {
        // 0x6xkk | LD Vx, u8

        return Instruction { .LD_6 = .{ .x = nib2, .kk = calc_u8(nib3, nib4) }};
    } else if(nib1 == 0x7) {
        // 0x7xkk | LD Vx, kk

        return Instruction { .ADD_7 = .{ .x = nib2, .kk = calc_u8(nib3, nib4) }};
    } else if (nib1 == 0xA) {
        // 0xAnnn | LD I, addr
        const addr = calc_u12(nib2, nib3, nib4);
        return Instruction { .LD_I = addr };
    } else if (nib1 == 0xD) {
        // 0xDxyn | DRW Vx, Vy, n
        return Instruction {.DRW = .{ .x = nib2, .y = nib3, .n = nib4 }};
    }


    return null;
}

pub fn execute(cpu: *Cpu, instr: Instruction) void {
    switch (instr) {
        .CLS => std.log.debug("CLS", .{}),
        .RET => {
            std.log.debug("RET", .{});

            cpu.pc = cpu.stack[cpu.sp];
            cpu.sp -= 1;
        },
        .JP => |addr| {
            std.log.debug("JP 0x{X:}", .{ addr });

            cpu.pc = addr;
        },
        .CALL => |addr| {
            std.log.debug("CALL 0x{X:}", .{ addr });

            cpu.sp += 1;
            cpu.stack[cpu.sp] = cpu.pc;
            cpu.pc = addr;
        },
        .SE_3 => |args| {
            const x = args.x;
            const kk = args.kk;
            std.log.debug("SE V{}, 0x{X:}", .{ x, kk });

            if (cpu.v[x] != kk) {
                cpu.pc += 2;
            }
        },
        .LD_6 => |args| {
            const x = args.x;
            const kk = args.kk;
            std.log.debug("LD V{} 0x{X:}", .{ x, kk });

            cpu.v[x] = kk;
        },
        .LD_I => |addr| {
            std.log.debug("LD I, 0x{X:}", .{ addr });
            cpu.i = addr;
        },
        .DRW => |args| {
            const x = args.x;
            const y = args.y;
            const n = args.n;
            std.log.debug("DRW V{}, V{}, 0x{X:}", .{ x, y, n });

            const draw_pos: Point = .{ .x = cpu.v[x], .y = cpu.v[y] };
            const sprite_data = cpu.memory[cpu.i..(cpu.i + n)];

            // Draw Sprite
            const collision = draw_sprite(&cpu.disp, &draw_pos, &sprite_data);

            cpu.v[0xF] = if (collision) 1 else 0;
            // Request Redraw
        },
        .ADD_7 => |args| {
            const x = args.x;
            const kk = args.kk;
            std.log.debug("ADD V{}, 0x{X:}", .{ x, kk });

            cpu.v[x] = cpu.v[x] + kk;
        }
    }
}

fn load_rom(cpu: *Cpu, buf: []u8) void {
    var mem_index: usize = 0x200;

    for (buf) |byte| {
        cpu.memory[mem_index] = byte;
        mem_index += 1;
    }
}

pub fn load_rom_path(cpu: *Cpu, path: []const u8) !void {
    var heap = std.heap.page_allocator;

    const file = try std.fs.cwd().openFile(path, .{ .read = true });
    defer file.close();

    const file_size = try file.getEndPos();
    const rom_buf = try file.readToEndAlloc(heap, file_size);
    defer heap.free(rom_buf);

    load_rom(cpu, rom_buf);
}

pub fn step(cpu: *Cpu) void {
    const opcode = fetch(cpu);
    const maybe_instr = decode(cpu, opcode);

    if (maybe_instr) |instr| {
        execute(cpu, instr);
    } else {
        panic("Unknown Opcode: 0x{X:}", . { opcode });
    }
}

fn calc_u12(nib2: u4, nib3: u4, nib4: u4) u12 {
    return @as(u12, nib2) << 8 | @as(u12, nib3) << 4 | @as(u12, nib4);
}

fn calc_u8(nib_a: u4, nib_b: u4) u8 {
    return @as(u8, nib_a) << 4 | @as(u8, nib_b);
}

test "calc_u12 works" {
    const left: u12 = 0xABC;
    const right: u12 = calc_u12(0xA, 0xB, 0xC);

    expect(left == right);
}

test "calc_u8 works" {
    const left: u8 = 0xAB;
    const right: u12 = calc_u8(0xA, 0xB);

    expect(left == right);
}